@font-face{font-family:Research;src:url('/assets/fonts/research-latin.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:Research;src:url('/assets/fonts/research-latin-ext.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;unicode-range:U+0100-024F,U+1E00-1EFF}
@font-face{font-family:Arabic;src:url('/assets/fonts/arabic.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;font-display:swap}
:root{color-scheme:dark;--bg:#111413;--surface:#191d1b;--line:#363c37;--ink:#e8e9e5;--muted:#a2aaa3;--accent:#b3d5bf;--gold:#c4b585;--max:1424px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:15px;letter-spacing:0}
*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);line-height:1.65}body:lang(ar),body:lang(fa){font-family:Arabic,Arial,sans-serif}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a,input,select,summary{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:hover{color:var(--accent)}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}button,select,summary{cursor:pointer}button,input,select{color:var(--ink);background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line)}img{max-width:100%;display:block}h1,h2,h3,p{margin:0}h1,h2,h3{font-weight:400;text-wrap:balance}h1{font-size:52px;line-height:1.1}h2{font-size:25px;line-height:1.3}h3{font-size:25px;line-height:1.3}p{color:var(--muted)}small{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}[hidden]{display:none!important}.icon{display:inline-block;flex-shrink:0;vertical-align:middle;filter:invert(88%);width:18px;height:18px}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.skip{position:fixed;inset-block-start:-100px;inset-inline-start:20px;z-index:100;background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);padding:12px}.skip:focus{inset-block-start:10px}
.site-header{max-width:var(--max);margin:auto;padding:20px 48px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:32px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);min-height:89px;position:relative;z-index:10}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:22px;font-family:Research,Georgia,serif}.monogram{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:20px;line-height:1;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-weight:600}.monogram span{font-weight:400;color:var(--accent);font-size:29px;margin:0 1px}.site-header nav{display:flex;gap:26px;align-items:center;margin-inline-start:auto}.site-header nav a{font-size:13px;position:relative}.site-header nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--accent)}.site-header nav a[aria-current]:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset-block-end:-30px;inset-inline:0;height:2px;background:var(--accent)}.language-menu{position:relative;margin-inline-start:8px}.language-menu summary{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;list-style:none;font-size:12px}.language-menu summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.language-menu>div{position:absolute;inset-inline-end:0;inset-block-start:36px;width:160px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:6px;box-shadow:0 12px 30px #0006}.language-menu a{display:block;padding:8px 12px}.language-menu a[aria-current]{color:var(--accent)}.menu-toggle{display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;padding:0}.brand-dot{color:var(--accent)}
main{max-width:var(--max);margin:auto;padding:0 48px;min-height:65vh}.masthead{position:relative;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);min-height:300px;display:flex;align-items:center;overflow:hidden;margin:0 -48px;padding:48px}.masthead.has-art{min-height:342px}.masthead-art{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;opacity:.85}.masthead-copy{position:relative;z-index:1;padding:16px 24px 20px 0;max-width:680px;text-shadow:0 2px 18px #000}.masthead-copy h1{font-family:Research,Georgia,serif;font-size:84px;line-height:1.04;margin:13px 0 18px}.masthead-copy>p:last-child{color:#d3d7d1;font-size:17px}.masthead-number{position:absolute;inset-inline-end:48px;inset-block-end:30px;font-size:10px;color:#b8c2b8}.overline{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--accent);font-weight:500;display:flex;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}.overline span{color:var(--muted)}.band{padding:28px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-bottom:22px}.section-heading h2{font-family:Research,Georgia,serif;font-size:29px}.text-link{display:inline-flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;font-size:12px;color:var(--ink)}.empty{padding:30px 0;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px}.meta{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.market-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;margin-top:20px}.market-item{border-inline-end:1px solid var(--line);padding-inline-end:24px;min-width:0}.market-item:last-child{border:0;padding:0}.market-item>span{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px}.market-item>strong{display:block;font-weight:400;font-size:29px}.market-item .chart{height:55px;margin-top:12px}.market-item .chart-dates{display:none}.chart{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:320px;display:block;margin-top:25px}.chart polyline{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.chart-grid{fill:none;stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:.7}.chart-dates{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;margin:8px 0 24px}.research-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,2fr) minmax(270px,1fr);gap:52px;padding:40px 0 60px}.research-layout>aside{border-inline-start:1px solid var(--line);padding-inline-start:32px;min-width:0}.report{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,240px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:25px;padding:26px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.report:not(:has(.report-image)){display:block}.report-image{align-self:start}.report-image img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:contain;background:#222724}.report h3{font-family:Research,Georgia,serif;margin:10px 0 14px}.report p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:18px}.report .overline{font-size:10px}.report a:hover h3,.report h3 a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.aside-block{margin-top:40px}.aside-block h3{font-size:24px}.aside-block .report p{font-size:13px}.stream-row{padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:4px 12px;font-size:12px}.stream-row>a{font-size:13px}.stream-row>span:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;color:var(--muted)}.status{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);align-self:center}.status.ready{color:var(--accent)}.page-header{padding:56px 0 36px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.page-header h1{font-family:Research,Georgia,serif;margin:12px 0 20px}.page-header>p:last-child{max-width:760px;font-size:17px}.collection-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;padding:24px 0}.search{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 14px;max-width:420px;flex:1}.search input{border:0;background:none;outline:0;min-width:0;width:100%;font-size:14px;padding:5px 0}.search:focus-within{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:2px}.search input:focus-visible{outline:0}.measure-controls{display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:24px 0}.measure-controls select{padding:10px 32px 10px 12px;max-width:100%}.measure-controls .text-link{margin-inline-start:auto}.measure{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0 50px}.measure h2{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.measure h2 strong{font-weight:400}.measure summary{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;margin-top:26px}.table-wrap{overflow:auto;margin-top:20px}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;text-align:start;font-size:13px}th,td{padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:start}th{font-weight:400;color:var(--muted)}.static-article{max-width:880px;padding:72px 0 100px}.static-article h1{font-family:Research,Georgia,serif;margin:18px 0 38px}.prose{max-width:760px;font-size:17px;line-height:1.95}.prose p{margin-bottom:24px}.prose a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.prose h2{margin:32px 0 18px}.note{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:24px;font-size:14px}.article{padding:40px 0 70px}.article-header{max-width:950px;margin:32px auto}.article-header h1{font-family:Research,Georgia,serif;margin:20px 0 26px}.standfirst{font-size:21px;line-height:1.6}.article-dates{display:flex;gap:20px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:24px}.article figure{margin:40px 0}.article figure img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:contain}figcaption{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.article .prose{margin:auto}.inline-metrics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:16px}.inline-metrics>div{border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px 0}.inline-metrics dt{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.inline-metrics dd{margin:6px 0;font-size:25px}.data-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px 32px;padding:30px 0 60px}.data-links a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px}footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);max-width:var(--max);margin:30px auto 0;padding:34px 48px 24px}.footer-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding-bottom:30px}.footer-top p{font-size:12px;max-width:500px}.footer-bottom{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px;display:flex;gap:20px;justify-content:space-between;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.footer-bottom nav{display:flex;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap}
html[dir=rtl] h1,html[dir=rtl] h2,html[dir=rtl] h3{font-family:Arabic,Arial,sans-serif}html[dir=rtl] .masthead-copy h1{font-family:Research,Georgia,serif;direction:ltr;text-align:right}html[dir=rtl] .masthead-art{transform:scaleX(-1)}html[dir=rtl] .text-link .icon[src*='arrow']{transform:scaleX(-1)}html[dir=rtl] .masthead-copy{padding:16px 0 20px 24px}
@media(min-width:1100px){a,.report-image img{transition:color .18s ease,opacity .18s ease}.report-image:hover img{opacity:.86}}
@media(max-width:1100px){.site-header{gap:18px;padding:20px 28px}.site-header nav{gap:16px}.brand{font-size:20px}main{padding:0 28px}.masthead{margin:0 -28px;padding:40px 28px}.research-layout{gap:30px}.research-layout>aside{padding-inline-start:24px}.report{grid-template-columns:170px 1fr;gap:20px}.market-grid{gap:16px}.market-item{padding-inline-end:16px}.market-item>strong{font-size:23px}footer{padding-inline:28px}}
@media(max-width:850px){.site-header{min-height:76px;gap:16px}.menu-toggle{display:flex;margin-inline-start:auto}.site-header nav{display:none;position:absolute;inset-block-start:75px;inset-inline:0;background:var(--surface);padding:20px 28px;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0}.site-header nav.open{display:flex}.site-header nav a{padding:6px}.site-header nav a[aria-current]:after{display:none}.research-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-layout>aside{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0 0}.market-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}.market-item:nth-child(2){border:0}.masthead-copy h1{font-size:70px}.masthead.has-art{min-height:320px}.masthead-art{object-position:center}.page-header h1,.article-header h1,.static-article h1{font-size:44px}.masthead-number{inset-inline-end:28px}.stream-list{max-width:800px}.stream-row{grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr}.stream-row>span:last-child{grid-column:auto;text-align:end}}
@media(max-width:520px){.site-header{padding:16px 20px;gap:12px}.brand{font-size:20px}.monogram{font-size:17px}.site-header nav{padding:20px}main{padding:0 20px}.masthead{margin:0 -20px;padding:30px 20px}.masthead.has-art{min-height:290px}.masthead-copy h1{font-size:58px}.masthead-copy>p:last-child{font-size:14px;max-width:280px}.masthead-copy{padding:12px 0}.masthead-number{inset-inline-end:20px;inset-block-end:14px;font-size:9px}.overline{font-size:10px}.section-heading h2{font-size:27px}.section-heading{gap:12px}.section-heading>.text-link{font-size:10px}.report{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:24px 0;gap:18px}.report h3{font-size:27px}.market-item>strong{font-size:21px}.market-item{padding-inline-end:12px}.page-header{padding:38px 0 26px}.page-header h1,.article-header h1,.static-article h1{font-size:37px}.page-header>p:last-child{font-size:15px}.stream-row{grid-template-columns:1fr auto}.stream-row>span:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;text-align:start}.standfirst{font-size:18px}.article-dates{flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.article-header{margin:28px auto}.article{padding-top:26px}.article figure{margin:28px -20px}.article figcaption{padding:0 20px}.prose{font-size:16px}.static-article{padding:44px 0 60px}.measure h2{font-size:21px;flex-direction:column}.measure-controls{gap:14px}.measure-controls label{width:100%}.measure-controls select{width:100%}.measure-controls .text-link{margin:0}footer{padding:30px 20px 20px}.footer-top{align-items:start;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}.footer-bottom{flex-direction:column;gap:18px}.footer-bottom nav{gap:20px}.inline-metrics{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
.masthead-art{object-fit:contain;object-position:right;background:#151614;opacity:1}.masthead-number{color:#9fa79f;background:#111413;padding:2px 6px}.masthead-copy{max-width:55%}
@media(max-width:850px){.masthead-copy{max-width:62%}.masthead-art{object-position:right center}}
@media(max-width:520px){.masthead.has-art{min-height:365px;align-items:flex-start}.masthead-art{height:210px;inset-block-start:auto;inset-block-end:0;object-position:right bottom}.masthead-copy{max-width:100%;padding:0}.masthead-copy h1{margin:8px 0 10px}.masthead-copy>p:last-child{max-width:none}.masthead-number{display:none}}
.monogram{direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate}
.site-header{flex-wrap:wrap;row-gap:12px;padding-bottom:12px}.site-header .language-menu{display:flex;position:static;inset:auto;flex-direction:row;flex-basis:100%;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:22px;margin:0;padding:8px 0 0;border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);background:none}.site-header .language-menu a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:30px;padding:0 2px;font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap}.site-header .language-menu a[aria-current]{border-bottom:1px solid var(--accent)}.site-header .language-menu a[aria-current]:after{display:none}.language-menu a:lang(ar),.language-menu a:lang(fa){font-family:Arabic,Arial,sans-serif}.quant-comparison{padding:28px 0 36px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.comparison{margin:0 0 38px}.comparison figcaption{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:18px}.comparison figcaption strong{font-weight:400;color:var(--ink)}.comparison svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;direction:ltr}.comparison svg text{fill:var(--muted);font-size:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif}.comparison-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 24px;font-size:12px}.comparison-legend>span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}.comparison-legend i{width:18px;height:3px}.quant-methods{margin-top:22px}.quant-methods summary{font-size:16px}.quant-methods dt{color:var(--ink);margin-top:20px}.quant-methods dd{color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0 20px;max-width:800px}.quant-comparison .table-wrap{margin-bottom:22px}.quant-comparison .table-wrap th,.quant-comparison .table-wrap td{min-width:120px}.quant-comparison .note{font-size:13px}.knowledge-nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 28px;padding:26px 0;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.knowledge-nav a{font-size:14px}.knowledge-body ul{padding-inline-start:24px}.knowledge-body li{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:14px}
@media(max-width:850px){.site-header #primary-nav{inset-block-start:100%}.site-header .language-menu{justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}.comparison figcaption{flex-direction:column;gap:6px}}
.year-navigation{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 24px;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px}.year-navigation a{padding-block:6px}.year-navigation a[aria-current]{color:var(--accent);border-bottom:2px solid var(--accent)}
@media(max-width:520px){.masthead.has-art{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);row-gap:24px;padding-bottom:0;align-items:start}.masthead-art{position:relative;grid-row:2;inset:auto;width:calc(100% + 40px);max-width:none;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;margin-inline:-20px;object-position:center}.masthead-copy,html[dir=rtl] .masthead-copy{grid-row:1;max-width:100%;padding:0}.masthead-copy>p:last-child{max-width:100%}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}
.collection-overview{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.collection-overview>a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:5px;font-size:12px}.collection-overview strong{font-size:26px;font-weight:400}.collection-overview small{font-size:11px}.timeline .report{padding:19px 0;scroll-margin-top:20px}.timeline .report h3{font-size:23px;margin:6px 0 10px}.timeline .report p{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;max-width:960px}.date-filter select{padding:12px;max-width:100%}.knowledge-body .standfirst{margin-bottom:30px}.table-wrap td{white-space:nowrap}
@media(max-width:650px){.collection-overview{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;padding:18px 0}.collection-tools{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px}.collection-tools .search{flex-basis:100%;max-width:none}.timeline .report h3{font-size:23px}.collection-overview small{font-size:10px}}
